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Harpsichord News

by Larry Palmer
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Abundant citings of musical instruments in tales of murder

 

It has been nearly ten years since I updated my listings of harpsichords in murder mysteries; here are some additional citings.

 

Popular writer Lawrence Sanders delights his readers with a series of books featuring the urbane, witty, and somewhat-musically-savvy sleuth Archie McNally, Private Investigator of Palm Beach, Florida. In McNally’s Luck (New York: Berkley Books, 1993) the plot introduces us to a kidnapped cat, an esoteric poet turned sensualist, and an amorous psychic. These disparate characters involve the sartorially-elegant investigator in his merry and witty adventure. Imagine the sheer delight of coming upon this sentence in the midst of a scene in which our hero is being pistol-whipped by a killer: “. . . I remained silent and tried to calculate the odds against my ever playing the harpsichord again.” [page 288]

In McNally’s Caper (Berkley Books, 1995) Archie investigates the low-down scandals of Palm Beach high society, particularly the disappearance of a rare Edgar Allen Poe first edition from the library of the wealthy Forsythe family.  The book provides an absolute happiness of harpsichord citations! Obviously of superior taste, Mrs. Sylvia, the wife of the young Forsythe heir, is overheard playing the harpsichord, in a “. . . mid-sized chamber completely naked of any furnishings except for the bleached pine harpsichord and the bench before it.” [pages 23–24] She had been practicing something by Vivaldi (undoubtedly in one of the Bach transcriptions). Mrs. Sylvia also explains to Archie that she constructed her instrument from a kit.

Other mentions of our favorite instrument appear on pages 69, 86, 111–112, 224, and 265 (where Archie wonders if Mrs. Sylvia is trying to play him “like a human harpsichord?”). On page 187 he corrects a maid’s mispronunciation (the ubiquitous “harpISchord”), and, in a final (and less classy) musical allusion [page 324] he hopes to “live to play the kazoo again.”

Continuing this descent from harpsichord-Olympus, in McNally’s Puzzle (1996), the title character reflects “. . .[ a] slow swim had the desired effect: it calmed me, soothed me, and convinced me that one day I might learn to write haiku or play the bagpipes.” [page 84] At least he remains ever musical, our Archie.

Death in Holy Orders (London: Faber & Faber, 2001) by Baroness P. D. James is a thriller that is truly a “cliff-hanger” (the setting is sea-side, in England’s barren East Anglia near Lowestoft—Benjamin Britten country!). Detective Adam Dalgliesh returns to his adolescent haunts, the Victorian Gothic St. Anselm Theological College, where a murderer seems to be picking off the residents at a rather alarming rate. At least two of the four deaths appear to be from natural causes, but Dalgliesh has an intuitive feeling that all of them must be related in some manner.

Although there is no harpsichord cited in this one, but we do get specific reference to countertenor James Bowman’s recording of Handel’s Ombra mai fu; surely there must be a keyboard instrument lurking somewhere in the continuo [page 251]. In another musical mention we are told of well-sung plainsong.

Jane Haddam’s series of holiday mysteries featuring former FBI agent Gregor Demarkian are briskly plotted and well written. Not A Creature Was Stirring (New York: Bantam Books, 1990) takes place from December 1 until Epiphany (January 6), and, as might be expected, there is Christmas music to be heard.

“Music was so much a part of Christmas at Engine House, Bennis hadn’t noticed it before. Ten years ago, Mother had made a single concession to modernity. She’d had all the common rooms in the house wired into a stereo system. At the moment, that system was pumping out an organ rendition of ‘Silent Night.’ . . . ‘Silent Night’ had become ‘Noel,’ played on a harpsichord. The instrument sounded tinny, as if it had been discovered after being long abandoned, and played without being retuned. Mother used to play the harpsichord.”

“. . .Overhead, ‘Silent Night’ became ‘The Holly and the Ivy’—played on a virginal. Mother used to play the virginal, too. For all Bennis knew, Mother had played the music she was hearing now, and recorded it, against the time she would no longer be able to make the carols herself.” [pages 128–129]

One last swipe at plucked stringed keyboard instruments is found on page 217: “ ‘I see you got the music off,’ Myra said. ‘God, it was driving me nuts. All that tinny harpsichord music. . . . Just because Mother loves harpsichord music doesn’t mean I have to. And it was eerie, all those Christmas carols and everybody in mourning.’ “

In Body Blows, by Steven Simmons, (New York: Pocket Books, 1987), ex-Yale hustler Cal Lynch is plying his trade in California. His friend Lena is an organist. Staying alone in her apartment he hears “. . . the sound of music, slightly menacing, pseudo-oriental music, the kind you hear in forties movies when the main character enters an opium den. . . . I get out of bed and make my way slowly down the carpeted hall, following the strange music . . . ‘Lena?’ The music suddenly stops. . . . No answer. Cautiously I step into the room, and just then the piano notes ring out again, and I find Alexander, the fat Siamese, walking back and forth across the keyboard of the antique clavichord in the far corner . . .” [page 221]

Shades of Kirkpatrick number 30 (the Cat’s Fugue), and apologies to Domenico Scarlatti!

How about a story with plot based on quotations from Handel’s Messiah? Such is the case in multi-talented Jane Langton’s The Memorial Hall Murder (New York: Penguin Books, 1981). Harvard professor and amateur sleuth Homer Kelly is featured in this tale of bombing and a headless corpse in the Cambridge school’s Memorial Hall. Well-liked chorus conductor Hamilton Dow is missing and it takes Kelly, his wife and friends, and Messiah itself to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion. The frontispiece shows the text and music of “Behold, I tell you a mystery,” with the author’s drawing of cello and toppled music stand. Each of the ensuing fifty chapters is prefaced with a bit of musical score, as well, most with an equally-appropriate text. The volume is replete with further drawings by the author. Harpsichord, as part of the Messiah orchestra, is mentioned on pages 30, 32, 11, and 126; as an artifact in Dow’s overstuffed living room, on page 135.

In one of her later Homer Kelly mysteries, Divine Inspiration (1993), Langton writes and draws another musically-inspired tale, this one dealing with the installation of a new organ in the mythical First Church of the Commonwealth in Boston. Lots of Luther quotations and Bach chorales in this one, and the organ builders seem remarkably similar to a well-known firm in nearby Gloucester, Massachusetts. As a bonus, if you store this book in your organ bench, you’ll have In dir ist Freude from JSB’s Orgelbüchlein right at hand: the whole piece is printed following the Afterword, on page 407.

Send literary references to early keyboard instruments or other items of interest for Harpsichord News to Dr. Larry Palmer, Division of Music, Meadows School of the Arts, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275. Email <[email protected]>

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Harpsichord News

Larry Palmer

Larry Palmer is harpsichord editor of THE DIAPASON.

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A Harpsichord Christmas

Deck your music rack with a Christmas carol or two from A
Baroque Christmas
—-Carols and
Counterpoint for Keyboard
(traditional carols arranged for piano,
organ, or harpsichord by Edwin McLean),
published by FJH Music Company, 2525 Davie Rd., Suite 360, Fort Lauderdale, FL
33317-7424; e-mail

<[email protected]>.

Harpsichord-savvy composer McLean has provided interesting
and texturally-pleasing settings for eleven Yuletide favorites, among them a
rousing Adeste Fideles, a gently-moving Silent
Night
(with pungent added-note final
chord), a theme and two variations on
Good King Wenceslas
style='font-style:normal'>, a longer variation set for
We Three Kings
style='font-style:normal'>, fugue on
God Rest Ye Merry
style='font-style:normal'>, and a most attractive setting of
Greensleeves
(What Child Is This?).

These settings are all playable on a single-manual
instrument, although McLean provides suggestions for more colorful
registrations for the organ, or when playing on a two-manual harpsichord. The
arrangements work well on piano, too.

FJH Music also publishes McLean’s two well-conceived and
attractive Sonatas for Harpsichord. Both
have been recorded by harpsichordist Elaine Funaro: the first is the opening
selection of Gasparo GSCD-331,
Into the Millennium
style='font-style:normal'> (The Harpsichord in the 20th Century); the second
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 
appears on
Overture to Orpheus
style='font-style:normal'> (Music Written for the Women Who Gave Wing to the
Muse), Centaur CRC 2517. Either disc, or both, would make fine stocking
stuffers for discriminating musical friends.

Intended for Christmas Eve music making are various baroque
pieces titled “Pastoral,” a type of pictorial shepherd music (as in the Pastoral
Symphony
from Handel’s Messiah
style='font-style:normal'>). One of these specifically intended for performance
by solo keyboardist is
the Sonata (Pastorale) in C Major
style='font-style:normal'>, K. 513 by Domenico Scarlatti
. Here we
find the traditional siciliano rhythm
suggesting sheep (baroque ones usually move in 12/8); a drone bass (
molto
allegro
) evoking “shepherds’ pipe” music;
and a concluding 3/8
presto that
could be either a representation of their joyful return “wondering at what they
had seen and heard,” or, possibly, some dramatic exit music for those angels
returning to the heights. This charming work may be found in any of the several
complete editions of Scarlatti’s keyboard sonatas, or, specifically, in volume
two of Sixty Sonatas, edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick, published by G. Schirmer.

Music for the New Year

Christoph Graupner (1683–1760) composed a keyboard
suite for each month of the year (Monatliche Clavir
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 
Früchte
, Darmstadt 1722). January, in the pristine key of C,
comprises a
Praeludium and twelve
additional short dance movements; February (in G major), ten individual pieces;
and March (G minor), eight. These are now available in a handsome volume edited
(with no unfamiliar clefs) by Jörg Jacobi for Edition Baroque
(www.edition-baroque.de). The other three-quarters are expected to follow.

Another volume of great interest from Edition Baroque is
titled Labyrinthe,
comprising harmonically adventurous works for keyboard: Benedetto Marcello’s
Laberinto
musicale sopra il Clavicembalo
, Gottfried
Heinrich Stölzel’s
Enharmonische Claviersonate
style='font-style:normal'>, and Georg Andreas Sorge’s
Toccata per
omnem Circulum 24 modorum fürs Clavier
.
Fasten your aural seatbelts and try the challenges hidden in these unusual
musical traversals.

Early Instruments: Some Random Citings

The New Yorker, June 13 & 20, 2005: from Edmund White’s personal
history
My Women (Learning How to Love Them
style='font-style:normal'>): “The art-academy students across the street, who
were usually graduate students, had beards and long hair or, if they were
women, sandals and no makeup and unshaved legs hidden under peasant skirts.
They listened to records of Wanda Landowska playing Bach on the harpsichord
(God’s seamstress, as we called her) . . . [page 126].

The New Yorker, October 10, 2005: Jeffrey Eugenides’ eight-page short
story
Early Music tells the sad
story of a clavichordist, replete with many composer references (only
noticeable error, a transposed “ei” in Scheidemann) and an evocative print by
Richard McGuire [pages 72–79].

Dieter Gutknecht presents a reasoned, musical example-filled
overview of conflicting styles in his major article “Performance practice of recitativo
secco
in the first half of the 18th
century,”
Early Music XXXIII/3 (August 2005), pp. 473–493.

Correspondent Robert Tifft reports:
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> 

No lack of live harpsichord music in Budapest . . .

Since fall 2004 the Hungarian Radio has sponsored a cycle of
Bach’s solo harpsichord music with monthly recitals broadcast live from the
Radio’s Marble Hall. The recitals have occurred with even greater frequency
this fall, with performances by Zsolt Balog on September 26, Miklós Spányi on
October 10, Dalma Cseh on October 24 and Csilla Alfödy-Boruss on November 21.
Each concert features a different soloist, all of them Hungarian, all of them
one-time students at the Liszt Academy where János Sebestyén founded the
harpsichord class in 1970. Soloists last season were Anikó Horváth, Borbála
Dobozy, Ágnes Várallyay, Angelika Csizmadia, Ágnes Ratkó, Rita Papp, Péter
Ella, Szilvia Elek, Anikó Soltesz and Judit Péteri.

In celebration of her 25 years as a harpsichordist, Borbála
Dobozy performed a tour de force concert on October 13 as soloist in four
concertos. The program included Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
style='font-style:normal'> (BWV 1050), C.P.E. Bach’s
Concerto in G
minor
(Wq. 6), Haydn’s Concerto
in F major
(Hob. XVIII: 3) and Martinu’s Concerto
for Harpsichord and Small Orchestra
. The
sold-out concert was broadcast live over the Hungarian Radio and Internet.
Together with Anikó Horváth, Dobozy established a Hungarian harpsichord
foundation, Clavicembalo Alapítvány, in 2004. The foundation’s goal is to
provide master classes and instruments of the highest quality for students of
the Liszt Academy and to promote appreciation of the harpsichord through
recitals and competitions. There is a website at
<www.clavicembalo.fw.hu&gt;.

Looking Ahead

Make plans to attend an early keyboard meeting: the Southeastern
Historical Keyboard Society
meets March
9–11, 2006 at Shorter College, Rome, Georgia, with the dual purpose of celebrating
Mozart and honoring the first 25 years of the Society’s history. (More
information is available on their website <www.sehks.org&gt;).

The Midwestern Historical Keyboard Society
style='font-weight:normal'> will gather in Notre Dame, Indiana, June
15–18, 2006, presenting a program featuring the music of Diderik
Buxtehude. (Website: <www.mhks.org&gt;).

Send news items or comments about Harpsichord News to Dr.
Larry Palmer, Division of Music, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
75275;

<[email protected]>.

Harpsichord News

Recommended Reading: Reason and Mayhem

Larry Palmer

Larry Palmer is the harpsichord editor of THE DIAPASON.

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James R. Gaines: Evening in the Palace of Reason.  NY: Fourth Estate (an Imprint of HarperCollins), 2005. ISBN 0-00-715658-8.

Exploring the genesis of Johann Sebastian Bach's late masterwork A Musical Offering and its position as a musical/philosophical response to an Enlightenment intellectual's disdain for strict counterpoint may not seem at first to provide the requisite grist for a best seller. But such is the case with Gaines's well-organized historical study of the parallel lives of Bach and the monarch who requested the aged composer to improvise a fugue on a complex chromatic theme, and then "upped the ante" by challenging him to expand its level of difficulty from three to six voices!

That ruler was Frederick the Great of Prussia: a patron who employed composers Johann Joachim Quantz and Bach's second son Carl Philipp Emanuel; an aristocrat who played the flute at home in Potsdam but spent much of his time in military campaigns with his well-disciplined forces; a ruler who had survived both his father's disdain for Frederick's interest in music, and having been forced to witness the court-martial beheading of his best friend.

Interlaced chapters detailing these two highly disparate 18th-century lives move with vigor and mounting interest toward the culminating meeting of king and composer on May 7, 1747, at which time Frederick presented the tricky "royal theme" on which Bach was to improvise as he displayed the musical merits of the king's prized Gottfried Silbermann fortepianos. That meeting is described on page 222 of the 273 narrative pages comprising the book. Notes on the sources of quotations, a well-chosen bibliography, "very selective" discography, useful glossary of musical terms, acknowledgments and index bring the total number of pages to 336.

Gaines's research is up-to-the-moment, including references to Bach's use of the number alphabet [gematria], possibly even in the somber Chaconne of his D minor Solo Violin Partita, thought by some recent writers to be a subtle memorial to the composer's first wife Maria Barbara. Also of interest is the fascinating example of son Carl Philipp's "automatic" counterpoint writing tables, first published by Friedrich Marpurg in 1755, as cited in David Yearsley's erudite and wide-ranging 2002 monograph Bach and the Meanings of Counterpoint (Cambridge University Press), another book recommended to admirers of J. S. Bach's art.

Several times, after describing a particular Bach masterwork, Gaines admonishes his readers to savor ". . . another of the moments in the course of this story when it makes wonderful sense to stop reading, to find a [recording] . . . , and try to imagine what hearing [this music] would have been like on that particular day . . ." With such sensible advice as well as engagingly jaunty prose, Gaines explores an intriguing intersection of musical ideals in this eminently readable volume, heartily suggested for a place on one's bedside table or, perhaps, to place under a friend's Christmas tree.

Mark Schweizer: The Tenor Wore Tapshoes. Hopkinsville, KY: St. James Music Press, 2005. <www.sjmp.com&gt; ISBN 0-9721211-4-5.

The third Liturgical Mystery featuring Hayden Konig (full-time Chief of Police and part-time organist-choirmaster  in the North Carolina mountain town of St. Germaine) continues the contrapuntal layers of skullduggery encountered in previous books The Alto Wore Tweed (2002) and The Baritone Wore Chiffon (2004). Each provides two related murder mysteries connected by the clever device of having the fictional sleuth write a short mystery of his own, utilizing his prize possession--a manual typewriter that was once the property of mystery writer Raymond Chandler. This short story, presented in page-length installments as it rolls off the typewriter batten, regales Konig's choir at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church with Chandleresque tough talk as well as vintage typescript.

Fellow lovers of satire will have another rollicking good time! How about an Immaculate Confection (the Virgin Mary's likeness in a cinnamon roll)? Or Binny Hen, the Scripture Chicken--part of the modus operandi of Dr. Hogmanay McTavish's Gospel Tent Revival Shows (complete with a giggle-inducing send-up of country western music as rendered by the choir of Sinking Pond Baptist Church)? Or the goings-on at an Iron Mike Men's Retreat, complete with pebble envy?

Some of Schweizer's musical references in this latest offering include Respighi's Ancient Airs and Dances, Gorecki's Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, baroque music by Schütz, Corelli, and Handel (the Nightingale and Cuckoo Organ Concerto as conclusion to another madcap Puppet Ministry presentation at St. Barnabas), and William H. Harris's lovely anthem Behold the Tabernacle of God, a challenge for the choir's alto section.

Suffice it to say that the main tale involving Konig, his long-time lady friend Meg, and the parish clergy, staff, and parishioners, is both diabolic and ingenious--a recreation detective novel that goes by all too quickly.

I await the next installment of this evolving St. Germaine Quartet with the highest expectation that the author's soprano will manage to provide a story equally as humorous as that provoked by her lower-voiced colleagues.

Send news items or comments about Harpsichord News to Dr. Larry Palmer, Division of Music, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275;

<[email protected]>.

Harpsichord News

Larry Palmer

Larry Palmer is a contributing editor of THE DIAPASON.

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Edward L. Kottick: A History of the Harpsichord.

"There may be those whose knowledge of the harpsichord encompasses the whole of its six-hundred-year history, but I am not among them." Thus begins Edward Kottick's 557-page magnum opus, now handsomely in print, courtesy of Indiana University Press. Such modesty, both courteous and engaging, brought an immediate reaction, "If not Kottick, who?" With his outstanding career as music historian and university professor, his successful sideline of harpsichord making, and the writing of two earlier books, one an invaluable guide to the instrument's care and maintenance, the other (with George Lucktenberg) a guide to European keyboard instrument collections, who could be better qualified to write such a comprehensive survey?

And comprehensive it certainly is! Kottick divides his book into five large sections, tracing the harpsichord's story, century by century. Part I: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries mines the distant past ("From Psaltery and Monochord to Harpsichord and Virginal"), introducing the putative (and colorful) "inventor" of the harpsichord, Hermann Poll, Henri Arnaut's manuscript drawing and description of the instrument, and a comparison of  Arnaut's description with an actual surviving instrument, a Clavicytherium now in the Royal College of Music, London.

Part II: The Sixteenth Century deals with the development of the harpsichord in northern Europe, Antwerp harpsichord building between Karest and Ruckers, and early Italian harpsichords, virginals, and spinets. In Part III: The Seventeenth Century the story progresses via the Ruckers-Couchet dynasty of harpsichord makers to those of the later Italian style, the seventeenth-century international style, and the national "schools" of harpsichord making in France, Germany, Austria, and England.

Part IV: The Eighteenth Century, not surprisingly the lengthiest section of the book, has chapters concerned with the decline of the Italian harpsichord, the increasingly-important instruments of the Iberian Peninsula, harpsichord building in France until the Revolution, instruments of the Low Countries in the post-Ruckers era, and discussions of the harpsichord in Germany, Scandinavia, Austria, Switzerland, Great Britain, and colonial America.

Part V: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries details the "hibernation of the harpsichord" in the 19th century, its revival from the 1889 Paris Exhibition until  World War II, and the subsequent period of the "modern" harpsichord from historically informed builders such as Gough, Hubbard, and Dowd, through the introduction of electronic instruments and the popularity of harpsichord kits.

A short postscript ("Into the Future") brings the 470 pages of text to a thoughtful conclusion. The remainder of the volume consists of a glossary, nearly fifty pages of end notes, an extensive bibliography, and the index.

Each chapter ends with a helpful "summing up" of the author's main points. The book is illustrated copiously with black and white pictures on nearly half its pages. There are 23 color plates, each one of a beautifully-decorated historic harpsichord, save for a single 17th-century painting: Andrea Sacchi's Apollo Crowning the Singer Pasqualini. Boxed "sidebars" present detailed information about many topics of interest, allowing the reader to sample various short snippets of engaging history, such as "The Guild of St. Luke," "Goosen Karest the Apprentice," "Italian Roses," "A Digression on Nonaligned Keyboards," "Raymundo Truchado's Geigenwerk," "J. S. Bach and Equal Temperament," "Kirkman's Marriage," or "The Delrin Story."

As if all this rich variety were not enough, the book comes with a companion compact disc comprising nineteen aural examples of plucked keyboard sounds from the Flemish Spinett Virginal by Marten van der Biest [1580] heard in Giles Farnaby's Why Ask You? to Landowska's iconographic performance at her Pleyel harpsichord of the first movement from Bach's Italian Concerto, and Kathryn Roberts playing Louis Couperin on a 1987 John Phillips instrument based on a 1707 harpsichord by Nicholas Dumont. All of these choices are apt; all, except for a poorly-recorded (but extremely interesting) example of a 17th-century German harpsichord transferred from a scratchy Hungaroton disc, demonstrate recorded sound ranging from good to superior. Most of the performances are winners, too, such as the arrangement and playing by Kenneth Mobbs of the 25-second Introduction to Handel's Zadok the Priest, demonstrating the Venetian swell of a 1785 Longman and Broderip harpsichord made by Thomas Culliford.

For anyone wishing to know the particulars of the two Scarlatti sonatas played by Ralph Kirkpatrick (listed only as Sonatas 35 and 36), they are K 366 (L 119)--an Allegro in F, and K 367 (L 172)--a Presto, also in F Major.

I did not find many errors in this extensive volume, but I was surprised to read Kottick's assertion that Sylvia Marlowe had used a blue William Dowd harpsichord for her engagements at the Rainbow Room Night Club in New York (note 51, page 522). This is a minor aberration, for the instrument employed was not a Dowd, but Marlowe's white Pleyel (purchased with funds borrowed from composer/critic Virgil Thomson). These well-received appearances were the real life inspiration for the fictional accounts in Francis Steegmuller's mystery novel Blue Harpsichord, published in 1949--the very year in which Frank Hubbard and William Dowd set up their first shop in Boston. Dowd did not build harpsichords under his own name until 1959.  Late in her career Marlowe did play a Dowd instrument, following many years of performing on her Pleyel and subsequent harpsichords built for her by John Challis.

A History of the Harpsichord [ISBN 0-253-34166-3] is printed on alkaline (non-acidic) paper that meets the minimum standards of permanence for printed library materials. Would that these pages could have been offered on thicker stock, for there is a fair amount of unwanted print bleed-through, especially from the illustrations. This book is priced at $75. It offers a compendium of interesting and detailed information, engagingly presented, and eminently readable. Kottick has produced a winner with this one.

Mimi S. Waitzman: Early Keyboard Instruments: The Benton Fletcher Collection at Fenton House.

Major George Henry Benton Fletcher (1866-1944) assembled a small but significant collection of early keyboard instruments in the early years of the 20th century. From the very beginning he held the view that his instruments should be restored, that they should be available to professional musicians and students, and that they should be housed in a suitable setting.

From 1934 until the building's destruction during World War II the instruments were displayed at Old Devonshire House, Boswell Street, in London. Since the collection had been turned over to England's National Trust, Fletcher's death did not result in the dispersal of his instruments. Five did not survive the war, but all the rest of them had been moved to rural England shortly before the bombing of Devonshire House. After the war Fletcher's instruments were reinstalled in a Queen Anne terraced house at 3 Cheyne Walk. From there, in 1952, the Trust moved them (together with an additional instrument --a 1612 Ruckers harpsichord belonging to Her Majesty the Queen) to Fenton House, a stately Georgian building in Hampstead. At present there are nineteen instruments dating from 1540 (the Italian virginals of Marcus Siculus) to 1925 (a clavichord built in Haselmere by Arnold Dolmetsch). Thirteen are by English builders.

Mimi Waitzman, curator of the Benton Fletcher Collection since 1984, is the author of a new, elegantly produced hardbound volume listing all the instruments, comprising virginals, spinets, harpsichords, clavichords, grand and square pianos. Beginning with a short history of the collection, the Introduction continues with descriptions of the various action types utilized in the instruments, illustrated by line drawings. Each of the instruments is given a full description, followed by listings of case materials and dimensions, compass, disposition, and details of stringing and scaling.

A companion compact disc contains appropriate musical examples played by Terence Charleston on fourteen of the instruments; these tracks are listed within the chapter for each instrument. Lavish color illustrations and high-quality duotone photographs add to the value of this publication, and the whole makes for a satisfactory "self-guided tour" or a private study in early keyboard instruments.

Published by The National Trust [ISBN 0-7078-0353-5], 112 pages, £24.99.

Harpsichord News

by Larry Palmer
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A Bach makes news

 

All Charges Dropped Against Singer Who Threatened Murder

 

My eyes were drawn to a news item from the Associated Press: "charges against heavy-metal singer Sebastian Bach will be dismissed if he avoids trouble for a year. The former lead singer for Skid Row, whose given name is Sebastian Bierk, was charged with terroristic threats and drug possession when apprehended during a bar fracas." (Reported in the Santa Fe New Mexican for July 27).

Bierk's brush with the law recalls an event in the life of "our" Sebastian Bach (as reported by various biographers, most recently Christoph Wolff, in Bach: The Learned Musician (pages 83-84): young JSB appeared before the Arnstadt Consistory on August 4, 1705, to complain about abusive treatment from a certain bassoonist named Geyersbach, with whom the composer had an altercation and street brawl. Bach's cousin Barbara Catharina witnessed the event, and her eyewitness testimony helped clear Bach of responsibility for initiating the incident, but the governing body suggested that perhaps he should have refrained from calling Geyersbach "a greenhorn bassoonist!"

 

Publications

 

Entrancing Muse: A Documented Biography of Francis Poulenc

 

Carl B. Schmidt's 2001 biography of the French composer is both complete and felicitously written. A chronological life story and details about Poulenc's works fill fourteen chapters. Extensive appendices include an explanatory "dramatis personae;" a complete listing of Poulenc's concerts, tours, and broadcasts; his recordings; and a "work-in-progress" list of drawings and portraits of the 20th-century master. (Pendragon Press: Lives in Music Series, number three; ISBN 1-57647-026-1).

The author's retelling of events surrounding the creation of Concert Champêtre for Harpsichord and Orchestra is comprehensive. To flesh out the words, two photos of the composer with Wanda Landowska (from the legacy of Momo Aldrich) are included. There is, however, a misprint in the dating of the photos. Momo's notation on the back of the pictures reads "Eté [19]28"--the season and year of mutual work on the piece (not the published 1918, at which time the composer had not yet met the pioneering harpsichordist).

Contemporary Music Review: volume 19 part 4; The Contemporary Harpsichord: A New Revival

Contemporary Music Review: volume 20 part 1; The Contemporary Harpsichord: New Perspectives

Two extensive and important paper- bound volumes published by Harwood Academic Publishers, edited by Jane Chapman, these books offer much information on the last century's development of the "modern" harpsichord. "A New Revival" comprises writings about compositions recorded on an accompanying compact disc (not sent with my copy). Among the articles are Annelie de Man's "Contemporary Music in the Netherlands;" "Points of Departure: An Interview with Simon Emmerson" (Jane Chapman); "Thoughts Before and After a Sonata"  (George Mowat-Brown and Helena Brown); "Déploration--In Memoriam Morton Feldman" (Brian Cherney, and in conversation with vivienne spiteri [sic]); "One Man's Noise Is Another Man's Music: The Demise of Pitch in Kevin Malone's Noise Reduction" (Pamela Nash); "Karyl Goeyvaerts' Litanie V for Harpsichord and Tape or Several Harpsichords" (Christine Wauters, Mark Delaere and Jef Lysens); and "Instrumentum Magnum" (Caroline Wilkins). Two gaffes noted in Chapman's introduction: "Challice" for "Challis" [p. 3]; and Howard Schott's name listed as "Henry" in her end notes [p. 6].

"New Perspectives" focuses more on the instrument's recent history: articles include "Harpsichord--a Mother of Necessity?" (Jukka Tiensuu); "Major 20th Century Composers and the Harpsichord" (Frances Bedford); "L'Interprète--La Memoire du Compositeur [The Performer--the Essence of the Composer]" (Elisabeth Chojnacka); "The Electroacoustic Harpsichord" (Simon Emmerson); "Notes Inégales in Contemporary Music" (Jane Chapman); "Ligeti's Harpsichord" (Ove Nordwall); "Brian Ferneyhough's Etudes ranscendantales" (Roger Redgate) together with an interview (Jane Chapman); "A Discussion of Overture to Orpheus with the composer Louis Andriessen" (Pamela Nash); "Lavender and New Lace: Sylvia Marlowe and the 20th-Century Harpsichord Repertoire" (Larry Palmer); and "The Harpsichord Works of Iannis Xenakis" (Ian Pace).

 

Early Keyboard Journal

 

Published under the editorship of Carol Henry Bates, this joint venture of the three early keyboard societies (Southeastern, Midwestern, and Western), Volume 19 (2001) is a veritable feast of valuable information for harpsichordists. Included are extensive articles by John R. Watson ("Instrument Restoration and the Scholarship Imperative"); David Chung ("Keyboard Arrangements and the Development of the Overture in French Harpsichord Music, 1670-1730"); the first part of an exhaustive catalog by R. Dean Anderson ("Extant Harpsichords Built or Rebuilt in France During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries--An Overview and Annotated List"); and Cynthia Adams Hoover's report on the extremely successful exhibition PIANO 300 at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., together with brief descriptions of its European counterparts in Leipzig, Nuremberg, Berlin, and Prague.

 

Another musical B

 

Franz Benda (1709-1786), Bohemian composer at the court of Frederick the Great, composed a duet Sonata in E-Flat, opus 6, for Madame la Contesse de Hueseler. This pleasant work in two movements (Allegro Vivo; Presto Scherzando) for keyboard, four-hands has been edited by Norman D. Rodger, from an undated print in the Library of Congress. The few errata in the original have been corrected with care by the editor. If played on the harpsichord, several thick passages may need to be thinned a bit (such as repeated thirds low in the bass at measure 4 of the second movement, or the string of successive octaves beginning in measure 20), but, in general, the work sounds well for our instrument, and is a pleasant, charming addition to the repertoire. The score is available from Good Pennyworth Press, P. O. Box 1004, Oak Park, IL 60304 (312/491-0465).

 

Moonspender joins murders with pluck

 

Thanks to reader Michael Loris, we list some musical references in Jonathan Gash's eleventh Lovejoy murder mystery, Moonspender (Penguin Books, 1988). The story includes mention of a Tallis madrigal, the Tantum Ergo, Purcell, Franz Listz [sic], organ, positiv, harmonium, Bach, Boehm flute, and, most welcome of all, harpsichord, which first appears on page 17: ". . .though I like her because she's bonny and plays the harpsichord for Les Moran's music shop in the High Street."

The big moment occurs on page 157: "Not many two-manual harpsichords play during working hours, so the music led me to Dorothy, my favorite witch . . . 'John Dowland?' I guessed. . . 'A pavan from his Lachrymae, Lovejoy. . .' Her instrument was a kit assembly, based on an early seventeenth century Flemish maker called Ruckers.  New, it costs half the price of a new car."

Keep those harpsichord and organ references coming our way, please.

Features and news items are welcome for these columns. Please address them to Dr. Larry Palmer, Division of Music, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275;<[email protected]>.

 

More than the notes

 

"Beyond Notation" was the well-chosen title for a conference presented at the University of Michigan, September 26-29, 2002. Sponsored by The Westfield Center and the University, the focus was on Mozart--ornaments, improvisation, cadenzas, Eingänge [introductory flourishes and "lead-ins" to the written harmonies] as essential, even compulsory, additions in the composer's keyboard music.

Robert Levin, Malcolm Bilson, Seth Carlin, Penelope Crawford, Pamela Ruiter-Feenstra, and Andrew Willis were the presenters. Through their lively and informative talks, as well as their expert playing, ideas for further study were encouraged. Small master classes and participation by the auditors, a welcome feature, afforded an opportunity to put these ideas into immediate practice.

May this conference be the first of many investigations "Beyond the Notes."

--Virginia Pleasants

Harpsichord Notes

Larry Palmer
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Handel with care

As I write this column we are barely past the Feast of the Epiphany and are   settling in for a bit of “wintery mix” that will bring sub-freezing temperatures plus the threat of snow to much of northern Texas. Blessedly, I am still basking in the warm memory of my most recent participation as continuo harpsichordist for a performance of George Frideric Handel’s greatest hit, his oratorio Messiah (Part I and the Hallelujah Chorus), presented on December 24 as the Sunday morning service at Lovers Lane United Methodist Church in Dallas.

Like most colleagues who own a harpsichord, I have had a career-long association with Handel’s masterpiece beginning during student days and continuing through many collaborations with professional ensembles such as the Dallas and Shreveport symphonies and multiple church choirs (my own as conductor from the keyboard, and others as keyboardist only). Like other particular holiday favorites (The Nutcracker and A Christmas Carol come to mind), Messiah can suffer from over-exposure. At this point in my life I am not certain that I would accept another engagement to perform the entire oratorio, but for this, a repeat booking to assist with Part I at Lovers Lane Church after having performed in a separate subsequent Good Friday presentation of Parts II and III during an appropriate liturgical season, I have come to admire the good taste of music director Jimmy Emery and the sensitive collaboration of his clergy. Music IS the sermon for these services: a pastoral welcome follows the organ prelude; the instrumental “Pifa” serves as an offertory, and a benediction before the organ postlude completes the spoken word segments for the service, thus allowing the powerful biblical texts and Handel’s beloved music to serve as the message.

For the 2017 presentation we had a complement of single strings, winds, trumpet, and tympani plus the collaboration of organist Sheryl Sebo at the classic Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ, moved from the original church for installation as the chancel instrument for the magnificent primary edifice for worship, no longer situated on the eponymous Lane, but now gracing the northeastern corner of Northwest Highway and Inwood Road in north Dallas. Due to his scheduling error the cellist did not arrive for the Saturday morning rehearsal, but a versatile bassist did noble service, and the continuo players gathered for an extra half hour of checking cues on Sunday morning, so all fit together seamlessly.

 

A few performance suggestions achieved from experience

I admire those among us who are proficient readers of figured bass, but for my own security I prefer to play from a realized score, and the published version that I use is a 1998 spiral-bound volume from Oxford University Press, edited by Clifford Bartlett (with continuo realization by Timothy Morris). This 167-page score contains all of the various transpositions and alternatively voiced arias as well as the rehearsal letters indicated in the Watkins Shaw vocal score published by Novello. (A practical hint: keep a stash of large paper clips close at hand, and ask the conductor for a list of the options that have been selected for performance prior to rehearsals.)

Of course, the presence of a printed realization does not require that every printed note must be played! For dynamic or expressive reasons one may wish to omit, or add, notes. A few of my favorite examples: in “O Thou that tellest Good Tidings to Zion” (#9) try adding some upward scale figures to illustrate “get thee up into the high mountains.” Delay the harpsichord entrance at the beginning of #10, “For behold, darkness shall cover the earth,” then join the bass line at letter A: “. . . But the Lord shall arise . . .” Or, for the recitative #19, “Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened,” insert a bit of irresistible fun by adding some jolly arpeggiated upward sixteenth-notes to portray that lame man who is “leaping as an hart!”

 

Recommended books: Handel and Messiah

1) For an eminently readable biography of the composer, Christopher Hogwood’s tercentenary offering Handel (Thames and Hudson, London, 1984, USA 1985; ISBN 0-500-01355-1) is a winner with one hundred well-chosen illustrations (ten in color), a full chapter on the oratorios, and a complete chronological table of events in the composer’s long life.

2) Richard Luckett, the Pepys Librarian at Magdalene College, Cambridge UK, is the author of Handel’s Messiah: A Celebration (Victor Gollanz, Ltd, 1992; ISBN 0-575-05286-4), comprising ten cogent chapters that describe the background and history of the work’s creation, its varied performance styles through the years, and the changing tastes that have developed through the influence of the twentieth-century early music revival.

3) First Nights: Five Musical Premieres (Yale University Press, 2000; ISBN 0-300-07774-2) is James Forrest Kelly’s compendium of eventful happenings at the first public hearing of a major work by the composers Monteverdi, Beethoven, Berlioz, Stravinsky, and, as the subject of the book’s second chapter, Handel’s Messiah. Of particular interest is a discussion of recommended recordings of Handel’s oratorio (pages 342–344) as conducted by George Solti, Trevor Pinnock, William Christie, and Nicholas McGegan. The latter chose to record all the variant surviving material from Handel’s several versions of Messiah, thus providing the listener with the materials for constructing a unique performance of the oratorio to suit one’s individual interest and preferences.

 

A memorable venue: Handel’s house

Among my fondest memories of meaningful recitals, only a precious few hold the same rank as the thrill of performing an eighteenth-century keyboard transcription of the “Overture” to Messiah during one of my two concerts in Handel’s London lodging located at 25 Brook Street, Mayfair, known since 2001 as “The Handel House Museum.” A lovely two-manual harpsichord by Bruce Kennedy provides the player with an exceptional partner in this intimate space. Most wonderful, however, is the sense of awe that is induced by the thought that in these very rooms the great composer conceived his immortal music.

I did not wish to mention these events without hastening to mention the names of some other colleagues who have had the same opportunity. For this information I appealed to Jane Clark, a wonderful British friend and authority on Couperin and Scarlatti, as well as a superb performer of her late husband Stephen Dodgson’s keyboard music, with a request for a list of players from the United States who have presented concerts. Neither Jane nor I can vouch for its completeness (so I suggest that readers who have names to add should contact me so that I may add them in a future Harpsichord Notes column). In alphabetical order: Ruta Bloomfield, Elaine Funaro, Mark Kroll, Sonia Lee, Joyce Lindorff, Charlotte Mattax, Rebecca Pechefsky, Linton Powell, Michael Tsalka, and Kenneth Weiss—distinguished company, indeed!

Jane also noted that she was discouraging future performances of Handel’s great (but lengthy) Chaconne in G Major! (So, colleagues, be forewarned!)

 

Handel for harpsichord: a few suggestions

In the days before ubiquitous recording media existed, orchestral works were transcribed for home performances at the various available keyboards. Sixty Handel overtures from oratorios and operas are available in a volume of keyboard arrangements published by John Walsh (the younger) during the years 1708 to 1750. Dover Publications reprinted the entire collection in one volume in 1993. This facsimile of the “top sixty” begins at A (Acis and Galatea). [Aside: my first commercial recording was as a singer in the “Oberlin” chorus for Bernhard Paumgartner’s production of this opera at the Salzburger Landestheater in 1959, issued on a Columbia record in the United States.] The Dover volume includes both Messiah and Water Musick [sic], and concludes with Xerxes! This compendium should provide enough variety for a few decades of Handel House harpsichordists! If the occasional C clefs and idiosyncratic notational features of the facsimile edition are not to one’s liking, Novello issued Twenty Overtures In Authentic Keyboard Arrangements, edited by Terence Best (3 volumes, 1985) employing modern musical notation and printing.

Handel’s Eight Great Suites comprise typical eighteenth-century dance movements, several of which deserve to rank along with the best of such sets from the period. [Aside: in the early 1960s I nearly caused a riot in Eugene Selhorst’s graduate music literature seminar at the Eastman School of Music when I questioned the comment from a pianist who said that Handel was “not a first-rate composer for keyboard” by asking her if she had ever played any of them? She had not. A pity! My own favorites include the suites in E major (“Harmonious Blacksmith”), D minor (which culminates in a Presto movement also used to conclude the overture for the opera Il Pastor Fido), and the noble F minor. But the others are worthwhile too: multi-movement works in A major, F major, E minor, F-sharp minor, and G minor: all worthwhile and interesting music.

Finally, you might just “throw in the towel” and create your own transcription of Percy Grainger’s “clog dance” Handel in the Strand (composed for piano and strings in 1911–1912, and, as he noted in a later edition for keyboard, “dished up for piano solo,” March 25, 1930, in Denton, Texas!!). What merriment it must have brought to Dallas’s “neighbor to the north,” now home to the impressive University of North Texas School of Music.  

And I’ll wager that, if the weather was as cold then as it is right now, Percy Grainger’s hot pianism could have turned most of the frozen precipitation into a dazzling dancing delight!

 

Harpsichord News

Larry Palmer
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A Silent H

Another H went silent two years ago when Harold (Hal) Haney
(born May 23, 1926) died in Denver, Colorado, on July 30, 2001. Creator of the
International Society of Harpsichord Builders (later The International
Harpsichord Society) and publisher of a quarterly journal, The Harpsichord,
Haney preserved a rich slice of harpsichord revival history that otherwise
might have been lost.

Haney's career was in advertising, but his several avocations
brought him special reknown. In 1970 he became the first chairman of the board
for "Historic Denver, Inc" and continued as a leader in that city's
efforts at historic preservation. The proud owner of a classic Harley, he
enjoyed riding it, and, at his death, he willed it to the Rocky Mountain
Motorcycle Club. With the eight-year run of The Harpsichord (1968-1976) Haney
combined an amateur's enthusiasm and an advertiser's expertise in the
dissemination of information about the expanding harpsichord scene in the
United States.

Toting his trusty tape recorder he trotted off to interview
builders John Challis (spelled Challas in the first issue of the magazine),
William Dowd, Frank Hubbard, Sigurd Sabathil, and David Way. Noted players who
shared reminiscences on tape for his editing included Lady Susi Jeans, Sylvia
Kind, Isolde Ahlgrimm, Fernando Valenti, Igor Kipnis, E. Power Biggs, Sylvia
Marlowe, Malcolm Hamilton, Claude Jean Chiasson, Alice Ehlers, Rosalyn Tureck,
Hilda Jonas, and Denise Restout, recounting her association with Wanda
Landowska.

Hal didn't always get it exactly right. There were, often
enough, strange phonetic renderings of proper names. Several figures of little
import to the musical scene made surprisingly lengthy appearances in the pages
of his magazine, but, all in all, there was an abundance of useful information
to be found in these thirty-two issues of The Harpsichord.

When the Midwestern Historical Keyboard Society presented
Haney with a special citation during its 16th annual meeting (in Boulder, 20
May 2000) he shared wide-ranging memories with the group, noting that there
were further interviews as yet unpublished. These additional biographies
"will appear later in a comprehensive book covering both early and current
performers and builders," he announced. Since Hal did not live to complete
this project, we must remain grateful for the legacy that does exist, while
regretting those ephemeral tapes, unedited and unpublished.

Thanks to Seattle's David Calhoun for reporting Haney's
demise, and for scouting out his elusive birth and death dates.

Christmas in July:

The Alto Wore Tweed (A
Liturgical Mystery) by Mark Schweizer

Here is the answer to all your gift needs: buy a copy of
this slim paperback for every person on your Christmas list. Any 144-page book
that manages to include references to Charles Wood, Charpentier, Mendelssohn,
Hugo Distler, bagpipes, an anthem text in which "Holy Jesus" rhymes
with "moldy cheeses," and "Martin Luther's Diet of Wurms
("the only Diet of Wurms with the International Congress of Church
Musicians Seal of Approval") gets my vote for book of the year.

Combining a Raymond Chandler-style novel-in-progress with an
organist-choirmaster's church-related murder mystery, author Mark Schweizer
(his wildly-varied professional background includes waiting tables, earning
several music degrees, raising hedgehogs and potbellied pigs [as detailed in
"About the Author"]) has written a madcap page-turner that keeps the
reader in suspense as to "whodunit" while frequently causing an
explosion of laughter. It's definitely a bargain at $10 (from St. James Music
Press, P.O. Box 1009, Hopkinsville, KY 42241-1009; <www.sjmp.com&gt;). While
visiting their website, be sure to sample Schweizer's Weasel Cantata (the only
anthem based on the dietary laws of Leviticus)!

Send news items or comments about Harpsichord News to Dr.
Larry Palmer, Division of Music, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
75229;

<[email protected]>.

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