The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America announces its 77th Congress, “Congress in Paradise,” to be held at Bok Tower Gardens, Lake Wales, Florida, June 10–14.
The 60-bell carillon was cast by Taylor Bell Foundry in 1928. The foundry carried out renovation and expansion projects in 1967, 1987, and 2000.
For information: www.gcna.org.
William “Bill” De Turk died March 14. Born May 15, 1945, in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area, he earned his Bachelor of Music degree cum honore from Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio, in 1967, and his Master of Music degree in organ performance from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1969. While at Michigan he studied carillon with Percival Price. In 1974 De Turk was the first carillon scholar at the Bok Singing Tower, Lake Wales, Florida, working with Milford Myhre for one year. As university carillonneur for the University of Michigan between 1981 and 1987, he hosted the 1986 World Carillon Congress. He also served as director of music (organist, choirmaster, and carillonneur) at Grosse Pointe Memorial Church, Grosse Pointe, Michigan, between 1977 and 1993.
De Turk moved to Florida in 1993 to become assistant carillonneur and librarian at Bok Tower Gardens and was appointed carillonneur there in 2004, following the retirement of Myhre. De Turk retired from the Bok Tower in 2011 but remained active in the Guild of Carillonneurs in North America (GCNA). Over decades his roles included service as president between 1979 and 1984, archivist from 1972 until 2009, and as an adjudicator for both the examination and Barnes juries. He performed recitals throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe, and his interest in research in the field of carillons and bells resulted in 11 published articles. In 1983 he was awarded the Berkeley Medal by the University of California at Berkeley for distinguished service to the carillon. In 2000 he was honored for his contribution to the art of the carillon at the 12th World Carillon Federation Congress/39th International Carillon Festival in Springfield, Illinois. In 2012 he was named an honorary member in the GCNA.
The Cohasset Carillon at St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church has shared its historical charm and magical bell sounds with the seaside town of Cohasset, Massachusetts, for nearly a century. The 57-bell, concert-pitch carillon currently boasts the most bells of any carillon in the New England area, with a G bourdon weighing in at 11,280 pounds. Past carillon players include Kamiel Lefévere, Edward “Ned” Gammons, Katherine Stevens [Mrs. E. L. Stevens], George Faxon, Earl Chamberlain, Sally Slade Warner, and Mary J. Kennedy. In addition to being well-known among many of the town’s residents who grow up hearing the bells and visiting the tower, the Cohasset carillon is well-regarded among carillonists for its smooth keyboard action and its “playability.”
Local philanthropist Jane W. W. Bancroft was the original impetus behind the Cohasset carillon. In honor of her late mother (a former St. Stephen’s congregant, Mrs. Jessie M. Barron), Jane donated the set of 23 Gillett & Johnston carillon bells installed in 1924 that formed the carillon. Later, Jane Bancroft continued to expand the instrument by ordering more bells from Gillett & Johnston: an extra 20 bells in 1925 and another eight in 1928. By 1928, the Cohasset carillon’s 51 bells gave it a larger range than many other carillons of the time.
Prominent carillon enthusiast and author William Gorham Rice penned an essay for Cohasset’s 1925 carillon concert program booklet in which he referred to Cohasset as the most beautiful carillon tower in the United States, writing that “through all years to come, [the Cohasset carillon’s] music not only will awaken truest community spirit, but will ever recall a daughter’s loving devotion to her mother’s memory.”
Inspired by Jef Denyn’s popular carillon concerts in Mechelen, Belgium, Jane Bancroft and her husband Hugh provided support for prominent players from around the world to travel to Cohasset and give summer carillon recitals on their impressive new instrument. In the 1920s and 1930s, these summer recitals drew celebrities such as then-President Calvin Coolidge and crowds numbering in the thousands. Reportedly, extra trains from Boston and the surrounding area were required to accommodate the eager concertgoers. Jane’s forward-thinking daughters, Jessie Bancroft Cox and Jane Bancroft Cook, continued their mother’s legacy of advocating for the Cohasset carillon by endowing the summer recital series. This support ensured that the series continued through economic downturns and up to the present; Cohasset’s summer carillon recital series remains the longest running in North America. The carillon’s multigenerational support from the Bancroft family, particularly the Bancroft women, is immortalized through inscriptions of their names on several bells.
In 1989 and 1990, the Cohasset carillon underwent a substantial renovation and expansion project by the John Taylor Bell Foundry, Loughborough, England. Along with the addition of six new Taylor bells, which expanded the carillon’s range to 57, several dozen of the original Gillett & Johnston treble bells were removed, replaced with Taylor bells, and dispersed around the country. Ten of these Gillett & Johnston bells now ring out over Ann Arbor, Michigan, as part of the Kerrytown Chime.
In addition to the summer concert series, the Cohasset carillon is played regularly on Sundays by its current carillonneur John Whiteside and by local guest carillonists. St. Stephen’s Church is the 2023 Guild of Carillonneurs in North America congress host, and the June program will highlight the achievements and music of one of the Cohasset carillon’s most influential carillonneurs, Sally Slade Warner.
—Simone Browne
Independent carillonist
New York, New York
For additional information about the Bancroft women and their impact on the Cohasset Carillon, see “Jane W. W. Bancroft, Jessie Bancroft Cox & Jane Bancroft Cook,” A Century of Women and the Carillon, www.CarillonWomen.org.
Carillon website: ststephenscohasset.org/The-Carillon
The University of Chicago’s Rockefeller Memorial Chapel houses one of the crown jewels of carillons worldwide—the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Carillon. The 72-bell instrument is a sister to the other carillon donated by John D. Rockefeller, Jr.—the carillon in The Riverside Church in New York City. Both carillons were cast by Gillett & Johnston of Croydon, England, and they are the two largest carillons in the world by weight, with Chicago’s carillon second heaviest at over 100 tons. The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Carillon was cast over a three-year period and installed in 1932. The university proudly celebrates the 90th anniversary of the carillon’s installation by hosting the annual congress of the Guild of Carillonneurs in North America in June 2022 (gcna.org).
The carillon’s mechanics and design bear some hallmarks of Gillett & Johnston’s style while also incorporating contemporary features. The bells possess a rich, full tone because of their fine craftsmanship and extra-large profile, true to the Gillett & Johnston tradition. The large range of the keyboard was of the foundry’s own design, similar to that of their instrument in New York, before unifying keyboard standards were adopted by carillon guilds. The keyboard transposes down four semitones, intensifying the bells’ low register and long resonance. The largest nine bells of the carillon were connected to an electro-pneumatic mechanical system to ring the time in 15-minute increments and to ring the six largest bells via an electric switchbox mounted directly on the carillon keyboard.
In 2005, members of the university administration solicited gifts from alumni to fund an organ and carillon renovation on the occasion of University President Don Michael Randel’s retirement and 65th birthday. Through these generous donations, Eijsbouts of the Netherlands was able to execute a full-scale renovation in 2007 and 2008. The transmission system was updated from a roller bar to directed crank, and the bells were repositioned on a new frame to allow for better sound transmission from the belfry to the ground. All clappers were replaced. The original playing cabin was dismantled, rebuilt, and repositioned within the tower, allowing for better sound transmission and playability from the keyboard. The original keyboard frame was retained but outfitted with an updated World Carillon Federation keyboard design. The electro-pneumatic mechanical system was decoupled from the carillon transmission system in the bass bells, making them more playable for the carillonist. The highest 46 bells were slightly retuned to offset the effects of corrosion over the decades. All in all, the carillon became more consonant, resonant, playable, and easier to hear for audiences.
The original Gillett & Johnston practice keyboard is currently being restored by the B. A. Sunderlin Bellfoundry of Ruther Glen, Virginia. The foundry cast new tone bars and rebuilt the transmission for the full six-octave keyboard. The project is expected to be completed in time for the GCNA Congress in June.
Joey Brink, a member of The Diapason’s 20 Under 30 Class of 2015, has been university carillonist since September of that year, although he will be stepping down in September 2022 (see page 3). An active student carillon guild involves undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in carillon instruction and activities. About twenty students per year enroll in weekly carillon lessons led by Brink, and they assist in playing daily recitals and leading tower tours.
The carillon is played each day, 12:00–1:00 p.m. and 5:00–6:00 p.m., during the academic quarters. Recitals are performed by Brink and students of the carillon guild. The Sunday noon concert, following the chapel service, is programmed and performed by Brink or other local professionals. The carillon is also played for special occasions in the Rockefeller Chapel, including weddings, funerals, and university convocations.
—Kimberly Schafer, PhD
Carillonist and campanologist
Chicago, Illinois
Carillon website: rockefeller.uchicago.edu/the-carillon
Kimberly Schafer, founder and partner of Community Bell Advocates, LLC, is a bell performer, researcher, and advocate. She has performed on the carillon since a college student, in recital across the United States and Europe.
Schafer studied bell instruments as part of her musicological dissertation research at the University of Texas at Austin and serves as the editor-in-chief of the Bulletin, the journal of the Guild of Carillonneurs in North America (gcna.org). She advises institutions on the repair, installation, performance, and programming of tower bells and bell instruments in North America and coordinates events to promote them.
The Netherlands Carillon monument, located in Arlington, Virginia, next to the Arlington National Cemetery and Iwo Jima Memorial, was a gift from the Netherlands to the United States in gratitude for their liberation during World War II and Marshall Plan aid. A Dutch press officer, Govert Verheul, had dreamed up the idea of giving the United States a carillon at a time when the administration was searching for an appropriate present for their generous benefactor. The subsequent “Bells for America” committee solicited donations from Dutch people, provinces, businesses, and organizations for the carillon. Queen Juliana announced the gift to the United States on her state visit to the country in 1952. While the bells were cast only one year later, the carillon would not be installed and dedicated until 1960.
The carillon and tower were designed to showcase Dutch culture and society. The instrument was provisioned with forty-nine bells cast by three different Dutch bell foundries: Eijsbouts, Petit & Fritsen, and Van Bergen. The bells were exquisitely inscribed and decorated to represent varying divisions of Dutch society. The lowest were dedicated to Dutch territories, the middle to professions and professional organizations, and the highest to the youth. Eugenia van den Grinten-Lücker, Louis Meijs, and Gerard van Remmen designed the bell ornamentation. The rhyming couplets centered on Dutch life and aspirations were composed by poet Ben van Eysselsteijn. The modernist tower was designed by Joost W. C. Boks and is bordered by Dutch royal lions by Paul Koning and forty-nine tulip beds to match the number of bells.
The carillon project was delayed and marked with problems from the beginning. Dutch carillonist Ferdinand Timmermans and Belgian Kamiel Lefévere performed for the official presentation of the carillon to the United States on May 5, 1954, Liberation Day for the Netherlands. The carillon was housed in a temporary structure in West Potomac Park until its relocation in its permanent tower in 1960. By that time, the United States had its own growing carillon culture, so Charles T. Chapman, the carillonist of the Luray Singing Tower memorial carillon, Luray, Virginia, inaugurated the instrument during its formal dedication on May 5, 1960.
In 1963, Frank Law, also carillonist at the Valley Forge Carillon, became the first director carillonneur of the instrument and tirelessly advocated for its performance and care. By 1970, though, the carillon had already fallen into disrepair. Thanks to Law’s advocacy and publicity from The Washington Post, the National Park Service allocated the necessary funds to screen off the open belfry from birds, refurbish the transmission system, and replace the keyboard.
A full renovation did not happen until 1994–1995, which was conducted by Eijsbouts. Two Dutch businessmen, Berend Boks, son of the tower’s architect, and Kersen de Jong, spearheaded the fundraising campaign that gathered donations from Dutch businesses and the government. One of the primary aims was to re-tune the smallest thirty-six bells to sound more concordantly together, since the three bell foundries did not produce bells of the same casting and tuning quality. Other improvements in the renovation included yet another new keyboard aligned with the North American keyboard standard, new transmission system, new clappers, and a new automatic playing mechanism controlled by a computer, replacing the obsolete tape-playing mechanism.
In 1995, the year of the fiftieth anniversary of Dutch liberation, Prime Minister Wim Kok presented a fiftieth carillon bell to President Bill Clinton. The newest Eijsbouts bell was now the smallest, and it featured two lions to represent the Netherlands and a bald eagle for the United States, along with the message of “Freedom / Friendship.” The newly expanded and renovated instrument was inaugurated by Washington, D.C., carillonist Edward Nassor and Dutch carillonist Jacques Maassen on May 5, 1995. Nassor, Law’s student, had become the director carillonneur after Law’s death in 1985. The liberation commemoration and celebration was a lavish two-day affair, including a ceremony honoring fallen soldiers at Arlington National Cemetery, the performance of the musical Bells of Freedom composed for the occasion, and a dinner and dance for over 1,000 Dutch businessmen and American veterans and diplomats.
In 2010, the tower was closed to visitors due to safety issues. Water damage had noticeably corroded bolts and the exterior paint, raising concerns about the tower’s structural integrity. By 2015, the automatic-playing mechanism had broken, ceasing the daily noon and 6:00 p.m. playings. Because of these issues and the upcoming seventy-fifth anniversary of the Dutch liberation, an international fundraising team comprising both governments, the Netherlands-America Foundation, and corporate donors raised funds for the latest renovation to the tower and carillon.
The work began in October 2019, when all fifty bells were removed and returned to the Eijsbouts bell foundry in the Netherlands for another round of re-tuning. Three new bells were added, one low and two high, and the bells have been re-keyed at concert pitch, rather than transposing down a minor third. The range extends down to a low G, making the instrument an American grand carillon, and thus continuing the Dutch tradition of expanding and upkeeping their gift according to the prevailing standards. Other improvements include a World Carillon standard keyboard, new clappers, updated automatic-playing mechanism, and new playing cabin. The three new bells were dedicated to extraordinary Americans in the twentieth century: General and Secretary of State George Marshall, Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and First Lady and activist Eleanor Roosevelt. The three new bells were exhibited in Washington, D.C., in May 2021, and the entire carillon was reinstalled in June 2021. The project had been delayed by a year due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The tower will undergo repairs until autumn 2021, when an inauguration recital is scheduled. Edward Nassor continues as the director carillonneur of the Netherlands Carillon and will lead the regular concert schedule.
The author consulted three sources for this profile: Tiffany Ng’s doctoral dissertation, “The Heritage of the Future: Historical Keyboards, Technology, and Modernism” (2015); Diederik Oostdijk, Bells for America: The Cold War, Modernism, and the Netherlands Carillon in Arlington (2019); Edward Nassor, “A Culture Inscribed: Inscriptions and Reliefs on the Bells of the Netherlands Carillon, USA,” The Bulletin of the Guild of Carillonneurs in North America 70 (2021).
